The following diagram, called the "Soil Texture Triangle", shows the names that soil scientists give to different mixtures of particle sizes in different soils.  The terms silt, clay, and sand refer to particles in particular ranges of sizes:
 

                            100 0
                              /\
                             /  \
                          90/_ _ \10
                           /(Heavy\
                          /   Clay)\
                       80/_ _ \/_ _ \20
                        /\    /\    /\
                       /              \
                    70/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \30
             _       /\    /\    /\    /\
             /|     /        Clay        \
            /    60/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \40
        % Clay    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\     % Silt
                 /  \                    /  \         \
              50/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/____\50      _\|
               /Sandy-\    /\    /\    /Silty-\
              /  -Clay \              /  -Clay \
           40/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\60
            /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\
           / Sandy-Clay-  \ Clay-Loam \ Silty-Clay\-Loam
        30/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/____\/____\/____\/____\70
         /\    /\ -Loam    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\
        /  \              /  Loam  \  /              \
     20/____\/____\/____\/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \80
      /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\
     /  Loamy-\  / Sandy- \  /  \  /     Silt-Loam      \
  10/____\/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/____\/_ _ \/_ _ \/_ _ \/____\90
   /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\    /\
  / Sand/ -Sand  \   -Loam      /                 /  Silt  \
0/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\/____\100
100   90    80    70    60    50    40    30    20    10    0

                         <--% Sand

I have added hyphens to the various texture names, so that you know which pieces of name go with which others.