Board game popular with children
"You're aiming to actually reach [nirvana, or moksha]"
— Marcus du Sautoy
The game originated in India around the second century BCE, where it was known as Moksha Patam. There it was much more than a game, being a vehicle for teaching various Hindu and Jain philosophies, notably karma and moksha. The board represented a person's journey through life, dealing with destiny and the need to accept one's fate and still press forward to achieve nirvana. The boards varied a little in the number of squares though 72 seems to have been a common number. They were elaborately decorated, often with images of gods and spirits that were doubtless used to teach lessons about religion and philosophy.
"In the original game the squares of virtue are: Faith, Reliability, Generosity, Knowledge, and Asceticism. The squares of vice or evil are: Disobedience, Vanity, Vulgarity, Theft, Lying, Drunkenness, Debt, Murder, Rage, Greed, Pride, and Lust" — Wikipedia
Variations of the game have been found across the Middle East and into Turkey and North Africa, some of which were used to teach Sufi Muslim philosphy. These shatranj al-'urafa are sill popular in some areas of the Islamic world.
The game as we know it today dates to Victorian times, where it was used to teach both counting and morality. The original boards tended to reflect the Indian designs, but by the 1940s all references to that culture had disappeared. The hundred-square board most commonly used was also adopted in the United States as "chutes and ladders", and that design seems to be the more popular in modern times.
There is a Numberphile video that explores the number of moves required to win the game with differing rolls and placement of the ladders and snakes. Entertaining, if you like diving into probability and Markov chains. Surprisingly enough, it seems, falling down snakes can actually be beneficial to one's chances of winning. The universe is strange, lesson learned.
Iron node 28
$ xclip -o | wc -w
327