The
official bodyguard of the
Roman Emperor. It was founded by
Augustus in 27 BC, and had a
structure of 9
cohorts, 500 men each, under the command of the Praetorian
Prefect. The guards served 16 year terms, and were generally
experienced combat veterans. They received greater pay and
privileges than the average
soldier, and as the only permanent military force allowed in
Rome, came to
wield great power. Their power reached its height under the prefect
Laetus, who organized the murder of the emperors
Commodus and
Pertinax (in 193 AD). They then sold the throne to
Didius Julianus, who only ruled for 16 days before he killed Laetus, the Praetorians killed him, and
Septimius Severus arrived with his
legions and
discharged every member of the Praetorian Guard. He then
reorganized the guard, and it continued in its bodyguard
function (without its former
political clout) until it was
dissolved by the emperor
Constantine in 312.