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Jan 2/3 - Germans begin a withdrawal from the Caucasus.
Jan 10 - Soviets begin an offensive against the Germans in Stalingrad.
Jan 14-24 - Casablanca conference between Churchill and Roosevelt. During the conference, Roosevelt announces the war can end only with an unconditional German surrender.
Jan 23 - Montgomery's Eighth Army takes Tripoli.
Jan 27 - First bombing raid by Americans on Germany (at Wilhelmshaven).
Feb 2 - Germans surrender at Stalingrad in the first big defeat of Hitler's armies.
Feb 8 - Soviet troops take Kursk.
Feb 14-25 - Battle of Kasserine Pass between the U.S. 1st Armored Division and German Panzers in North Africa.
Feb 16 - Soviets re-take Kharkov.
Feb 18 - Nazis arrest White Rose resistance leaders in Munich.
March 2 - Germans begin a withdrawal from Tunisia, Africa.
March 15 - Germans re-capture Kharkov.
March 16-20 - Battle of Atlantic climaxes with 27 merchant ships sunk by German U-boats.
March 20-28 - Montgomery's Eighth Army breaks through the Mareth Line in Tunisia.
April 6/7 - Axis forces in Tunisia begin a withdrawal toward Enfidaville as American and British forces link.
April 19 - Waffen SS attacks Jewish resistance in the Warsaw ghetto.
May 7 - Allies take Tunisia.
May 13 - German and Italian troops surrender in North Africa.
May 16 - Jewish resistance in the Warsaw ghetto ends.
May 16/17 - British air raid on the Ruhr.
May 22 - Dönitz suspends U-boat operations in the North Atlantic.
June 10 - Pointblank directive to improve Allied bombing strategy issued.
June 11 - Himmler orders the liquidation of all Jewish ghettos in Poland.
July 5 - Germans begin their last offensive against Kursk.
July 9/10 - Allies land in Sicily.
July 19 - Allies bomb Rome.
July 22 - Americans capture Palermo, Sicily.
July 24 - British bombing raid on Hamburg.
July 25/26 - Mussolini arrested and the Italian Fascist government falls; Marshal Pietro Badoglio takes over and negotiates with Allies.
July 27/28 - Allied air raid causes a firestorm in Hamburg.
Aug 12-17 - Germans evacuate Sicily.
Aug 17 - American daylight air raids on Regensburg and Schweinfurt in Germany; Allies reach Messina, Sicily.
Aug 23 - Soviet troops recapture Kharkov.
Sept 8 - Italian surrender is announced.
Sept 9 - Allied landings at Salerno and Taranto.
Sept 11 - Germans occupy Rome.
Sept 12 - Germans rescue Mussolini.
Sept 23 - Mussolini re-establishes a Fascist government.
Oct 1 - Allies enter Naples, Italy.
Oct 4 - SS Reichsführer Himmler gives speech at Posen.
Oct 13 - Italy declares war on Germany; Second American air raid on Schweinfurt.
Nov 6 - Russians recapture Kiev in the Ukraine.
Nov 18 - Large British air raid on Berlin.
Nov 28 - Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin meet at Teheran.
Dec 24-26 - Soviets launch offensives on the Ukrainian front.
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