Judaism is the only religion which pins its authority to an event which a large number of people witnessed. Specifically, according to the Bible, God spoke to the Jews at Mount Sinai. According to the Biblical count there were 600,000 men there between the ages of 20 and 60, along with a corresponding number of women and children. In times to come, how could a transcendent event like that be falsified? There is no way that an entire nation could be convinced that it had witnessed something that it hadn't!
Christianity's, or at least Catholicism's answer to this, I believe, would be the Pentecost, which involved, if I remember correctly, the Holy Spirit descending upon the Apostles while they were preaching to thousands of people, which caused an apparition of tongues of flame to appear above their heads, and all present to hear the preaching of the Apostles in the language they knew best. I could be wrong about some of the details here, somebody who went to Catholic School would probably know best.
Speaking as another lapsed Jew, I'd have to say that a better general refutation for this argument would be the Empirical argument against (historical) miracles, first articulated clearly by David Hume. To paraphrase, all of the people who were reputed to have heard God speak to them at Sinai are dead now; hell, everybody that knew them is dead now too. Even assuming that all of them actually believed that God spoke to them, which we have no way of knowing with any certainty, since we all have to go on are historical documents which could have been falsified at a number of points between then and now, we have no way of knowing, objectively, whether they did or not. Since their testimony flies in the face of what is generally considered to be true of the natural world (this is why it's considered a miracle in the first place!), we have their word against the entire observable universe. Given their faliable human nature, the universe wins.
According to Exodus (taken from the translation by Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan), the Israelites never actually saw God, nor did they witness any major miracles. The only thing they saw was the mountain being engulfed in thunder and lightning, and then smoke. God warns Moses, "Go back down and warn the people that they must not cross the bounday in order to see the devine, because this will cause many to die."(Exodus 19:21)
The revelation that occours at Mt. Sinai was a revelation by Moses alone. He then relayed the information given to him by God to the people. That was his first trip up the mountain
The second time he ascends the mountain, he remains in waiting for seven days before God finally speaks to him. During this time, the Israelites whitness what could possibly be seen as a true miracle: "To the Israelites, the appearance of God's glory was like a devouring flame." (Exodus 24:17) However, this passage does not state that they really "saw" the flame, in empirical terms. It is stated more as a metaphor for how the Israelites viewed the experience of Moses going up a mountain and seemingly communicating with God.
After his seven day wait for God, Moses is called upon and "went into the cloud, and climbed to the mountain top." (Exodus 24:18) He remains there for forty days and forty nights before returning to the people with tablets in hand.
Now it seems to me that forty days is plenty of time to fabricate a couple of tablets. The Israelites did not really witness anything aside from some lightning and thunder and Moses going up and down the mountain a couple of times. So the revelation at Sinai is still a personal revelation of Moses. God never revealed himself to more than one person at a time in the Torah.
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